Color Photography

(1861)
The world's first color photograph

Scientists had theorized that a color photograph could be created by combining red, green and blue light, but the first person to prove the idea was James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879).   Maxwell created the first color photograph by combining three black and white versions of the same image.  Each image passed through a different color filter (red, green and blue) before exposing a single screen.

Image Credit
  Maxwell, James Clerk, & Sutton, Thomas. Tartan Ribbon – 1861. Wikimedia Commons. Accessed: 22 July 2010.
References
[1] The Impact of James Clerk Maxwell’s Work. clerkmaxwellfoundation.org. 23 Jun 2010
[2] "Milestones in Photography -- National Geographic". photography.nationalgeographic.com. 23 Jun 2010